March 2023

Bottles are narrow-necked containers made of various materials in various shapes and sizes that store, transport, and contain liquids. They can be sealed with an internal stopper, an external bottle cap, a closure, or induction sealing.

Choosing a Bottle

The physical characteristics of bottles can be complex and can vary widely depending on the product. The basic characteristics of a bottle include the shape and capacity, as well as any special features such as an applied color label or recessed label panel.

Shape & Capacity: The most important consideration for selecting a bottle is its body shape and its capacity. The packaging industry uses standard ml (also known as cc), dram, and ounce size measurements to determine the most suitable bottle for each application.

Round, square and rectangular bottles are the most common choices. They are typically easier to handle and are less likely to break.

Shoulder: The portion of the bottle that joins the wide main body to the narrow neck. This part is often sloped to increase the speed of dispensing when inverted.

Body: The main forming portion of a bottle mold, including the base plate and bottom plate. The bottom plate may have the manufacturer’s symbol or “punt mark” molded into it to indicate the mold cavity that produced the container and its manufacturer.

The bottom is also often shaped with a slight horizontal ridge called a “parting line” to separate it from the neck. A parting line also marks the transition point between the neck and the finish of a container.

Blow – A process in which hot glass is blown into a bottle mold to form the vessel. Different techniques are used, including reheat and blow molding, extrusion blow molding, and reciprocating blow molding.

Finish – The final step in the manufacture of mouth-blown and machine-made bottles. It consists of the lips and upper part of the neck, and any other distinct parts if present. Generically, the finish can be one-part or two-parts, rarely more than three-parts.

A finished bottle usually has a rounded edge and is typically round or oblong in shape, although some are cylindrical or rectangular (Jones & Sullivan 1989). It also usually has a sealable surface to make contact with a closure for sealing the bottle.

Sealing Surface: The flat circular top surface of a bottle that makes direct contact with the closure for a seal, sometimes referred to as the “land.” A non-flat sealable surface may leak if there is any pressure differential between the top of the finish and the bottom of the closure.

Cracked-off (cracking off) – A finishing flaw of a cracked and broken blowpipe surface that forms near the end of the neck as the blowpipe is removed from the glass during the parison expansion (Jones & Sullivan 1989). Click a picture of a “cracked” bottle to view this type of finish on the Bottle Finish Types & Style page.

ejection mark – A marking on the base of the bottle that is left by certain press-and-blow and automatic and semi-automatic bottle machines when a pre-bottle exits the first parison mold. This mark is sometimes referred to as a valve mark because it indicates that a more or less centered metal rod pushed the bottle out of the first mold.

Work is an activity in which one exerts physical or mental strength in order to perform a task. A person may work at a job, as a doctor or an actor does, or they may work on their own, as when a child works in a garden. A company might work on a new product, or a machine or piece of equipment might work to perform a certain function.

Work and energy

The terms work and energy are often used interchangeably in physics, but there is a significant difference between the two. For instance, when an object moves from one place to another, the work is the amount of force that is needed to move it.

When you have to move a box from the ground to a shelf that is one meter off the floor, you need a lot of force to get it there. You can use a dolly to move it, but the dolly does not decrease the force you need to exert; it just changes the size, distance or direction of that force.

A dolly can make moving boxes from the floor to the shelf much easier, but it does not save you from a lot of work. You still need to push the boxes and they must be moved in the same direction as you are pushing them.

You can tell whether or not the boxes have been moved by examining the angle between the force and the displacement of the boxes. When the displacement and the force are in the same direction, 0 degrees or 90 degrees, it is called positive work. When the force is in an opposite direction, it is called negative work.

There is a huge opportunity for companies to redefine work, but it requires cultivating a different set of capabilities. Instead of simply reskilling workers to do a different type of routine task or using new technology to complete the same tasks, redefining work requires cultivating curiosity, imagination, creativity, intuition, empathy and social intelligence. It also requires redefining how work gets done and when it is done, as well as what skills are necessary for different kinds of work.

Making love is more than just a physical act; it’s a bonding experience that can help deepen your connection and enhance your relationship. It’s a way to show that you both really care about each other, and it can be a sign that you’re in a healthy, happy relationship.

There are some important differences between making love and having sex, and it’s not always easy to tell the difference when you’re in the middle of one. Here are a few things you can keep in mind to help you figure out if what you’re doing is truly making love or sex.

The primary difference between making love and having sex is that the former is more emotionally-driven than the latter. If you’re primarily motivated by the pleasure of your partner, then it’s likely that you’re making love rather than having sex.

Men often feel a lot more connected to their partners during love making than they do with sex, which is why it’s so important to have a good understanding of what makes sex and love making different. Once you know how to tell the difference, you can enjoy your relationship in a new way!

Eye contact is a great way to build intimacy and closeness with your partner. It also helps create a shared sense of safety. This is especially important when you’re first getting to know each other.

When you’re first starting to make love with someone, it’s best to be clear about what you’re seeking and how far you want to take it. This will help avoid any misunderstandings and make the process easier for both of you.

Your body language can also be a great indicator of whether or not you’re making love or having sex. If you’re smiling and enjoying the moment, this is a strong sign that you’re feeling happy and satisfied with your experience. If you’re frowning or looking away, it’s a surefire sign that you’re not enjoying yourself and that you’re not being as honest with your feelings as possible.

If you have eye contact with your partner during the act of making love, it’s a good sign that you’re getting closer and more comfortable with him. It’s also a sign that he’s interested in you and wants to see what’s going on between the two of you.

The kisses and hugs you give to each other during love making are an indication of your affection towards each other. If your man kisses you a lot during the act, it’s a sign that he is deeply in love with you and cares for your feelings.

This is also a sign that he isn’t afraid to express his feelings to you in an intimate way, which shows that he cares about your happiness and that he doesn’t just focus on his needs or wants.

A good man will respect your boundaries and make sure you’re having a safe and pleasurable time when he makes love to you. He’ll regularly check in to make sure you’re both enjoying yourself, and he won’t ignore your requests to stop if you feel uncomfortable.

A bottle is a type of container with a narrow neck, used to store beverages or other liquids. It also has a special rubber part at the top that is used by babies to suck their liquid from.

A bottle can be made of many different materials, including glass, plastic, and aluminum. Some are made of more durable, stronger materials than others. This is especially true of bottles that are used for foods and drinks that are subject to high temperatures, such as wine and beer.

Bottles can be found in most restaurants and grocery stores, but the largest variety comes from wine producers, who often use them for their own wines and other beverages. In addition, some people buy them to use as gift bottles or decorations.

Some of the most popular types of bottle include the Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Champagne styles. Each type has a unique shape, color, and finish.

The Bordeaux style is typically referred to as “straight-sided,” which means the sides are not tapered down from a rounded rim. This type of bottle is favored by winemakers, as it allows them to make a smoother, more flavorful drink.

It is also more aesthetically pleasing to the eye and can be easily stacked, making it a good choice for displaying bottles on shelves and countertops. The Burgundy style, on the other hand, has sides that are tapered down from a round rim, which can be a disadvantage when it comes to stacking.

Other types of bottle have unique features as well. For example, a Champagne style has a wider base than a Burgundy style, which makes it more sturdy.

Bottles are also made in a wide variety of colors and shapes, so it is possible to find ones that fit into almost any decor. Some are even made of a material that is more environmentally friendly than traditional plastics, such as glass or bamboo.

In addition, they are less likely to break down into microplastics, which can then be ingested by fish and other marine life. This is important because, while plastics are relatively easy to recycle, they are still a major contributor to ocean pollution.

One of the most common ways to reduce ocean pollution is by using recycled plastics, such as those from recycled bottles. It’s important to note, however, that although the recycling process saves the environment by reducing waste and allowing bottles to be reused again and again, some plastics still end up in landfills and waterways after they are no longer useful.

This can cause problems for aquatic ecosystems and wildlife, as well as for the human population. The Pacific Garbage Patch is a notorious example of this problem.

The best way to help avoid a situation like this is to start a recycling program for these plastics. If everyone in the United States did so, we could cut down on the amount of plastics going into our oceans and increase the availability of recycled plastics for other purposes.

Work is a term used in physics to describe energy transfer that occurs when a force displaces an object, typically over a distance. It is a form of energy, similar to heat or electrical energy.

Various examples of work include a ball being thrown and dropped, an airplane flying at a constant speed in the air, a bicycle pedalling along a path, a person running across the street, or a cobbler polishing shoes. The force that displaces the object is called the force of the displacement, and this forces the object to move in some direction.

The work done is called the quotient of the force and the displacement. The quotient is equal to the magnitude of the force times the distance displaced in the direction of the force.

It is important to remember that no work is done unless the force and displacement occur in the same direction. That means a force on a ball that is thrown up is positive, while a force on a ball that is dropped is negative.

This is because the force on the ball is directed toward the ground at a right angle to the motion of the ball. The same is true of a magnetic force.

One way to understand this is to look at the weight of a ball, which is a force multiplied by the distance it is pushed away from the ground. If a ball is dropped and moves down, it is doing positive work because the force is pushing up on the ball in its downwards direction.

Likewise, the same is true of the force on a car that is being driven down a road. If the car is moving down the road at a speed of 5 meters per second, it is doing 20 J of work.

Another way to understand this is to consider a spring. The work on a spring is a function of the force and the distance through which it acts, so the force and distance are both dependent on each other.

In addition to the energy of the force, the spring also has a quantity of work that it does, which is the product of its mass and the distance through which it compresses the air. It is this volume of work that allows it to accelerate a small particle like a molecule, and enables it to lift a heavy object.

Making love is one of the most powerful and intimate things a couple can do together. It reaffirms the value that both partners have to each other and it helps build strong, lasting relationships. However, it can be difficult to know how to make love well because every person and relationship is different.

The key to making love is to set the mood for it. You can do this by using the right music or by changing the room lighting for a more sexy look. You can also use candles to help you achieve the right atmosphere for lovemaking.

Setting the mood for making love is very important and it will give you a good start to enjoy your time with your partner more. When you are in a lovemaking mood, your partner will be attracted to you and she will be more interested in expressing her desires in bed with you.

You must be able to communicate your desires in a way that she understands. This will help her understand your feelings for her and make her feel loved.

When you are in a lovemaking mood, you can try some new and different sex positions. This will not only help you build passion but will also help her to experience orgasm.

During the act, you should try to touch her in various ways and let her see how much you care about her body. She should be able to feel that you want her to have everything that she wants.

Once you have built up a lot of excitement in her, it is time to get serious and go in for the big climax. It is important to take your time in the process of achieving orgasm so that she can really enjoy it.

If you are feeling a bit nervous in bed, make sure that you let her know that you are not afraid to express your feelings and desire. This will make her trust you even more and she will love to share her feelings with you.

This will also help you make her feel loved and cherished. She will be more likely to love you in return.

When you are in a loving mood, you will find it easier to achieve orgasm and have a great sex session with your partner. This is because your mind and body are able to connect with each other in a deeper way than they would if you were just having sex.

The best part about lovemaking is that it brings two people together physically and emotionally for ultimate fulfillment. This is because it puts more at stake than simply getting and giving sexual pleasure. This is why it can be harder to say goodbye when you are in a lovemaking mood.

So, the next time you have sex with your partner, you should be careful to call it making love instead of just having sex. This will not only help you have a more satisfying and romantic sex but it will also improve your love life.

A bottle is a narrow-necked container that primarily stores liquids. It is used to carry water, juice, alcohol, and other liquids, and can be sealed with a stopper, cap, closure, or induction seal.

There are many different types of bottles, depending on the material and design. The most common are plastic and glass. The latter is easier to clean and safer than plastic, but can stain more easily. It is also heavier than the former.

The shape of a bottle is also important. Some are ovoid, others round or curved, and some have a flared bottom. Occasionally, they have a conical or cylindrical top and neck.

Often, the bottom of a bottle has a distinctive “lip,” which is an upper portion of the container that holds the contents; these are called lip or crown finishes (Jones & Sullivan 1989). A finish can be one part, two parts, or three parts.

Parts of a Bottle

Some bottles are simply vessels with nipple attachments; others have complex parts that help with tummy troubles such as gas or colic. Some even have venting systems or specially designed straw filters.

These can make the bottle easier to clean and prevent tummy problems. However, they can be expensive and require more effort to maintain.

Other types of bottles are eco-friendly or are made from recycled materials, which is good for the environment. These bottles can cost more, but they are better for the planet.

They are often BPA-free, and can be sterilised in the microwave or heated on the stove. They are also more durable than other types of bottles, and some brands have been known to last long after the baby years.

This is a great category for gift sets that include both small and large bottles as well as nipple attachments. If you’re not sure what type of bottles your baby will like, consider adding either a starter kit or a sample box to your registry.

Decolorizing the glass – In order to produce clear or colorless glass, the impurities in the sand used to make the bottle are often neutralized by adding selenium, manganese dioxide, and/or arsenic to the mix. This is referred to as “glassmakers’ soap” since it was traditionally used by early glass makers.

Ghost seams – Lightly imprinted or meandering mold seams on the body, neck, and base of machine-made bottles from blow-and-blow machines are conclusive evidence that the bottle was manufactured by a machine. These seams are especially prevalent on the mouth of a bottle.

Calabash – A large, gourd or pear shaped bottle popular during the mid 19th century – 1850-1870. This type of bottle is sometimes referred to as a “globe bottle.”

The term “calabash” comes from the Latin word for “gourd.” These bottles are often a fusion of the round and ovoid shapes.

Whether it’s a prank gone wrong, a secret revealed or just a simple problem that your characters can’t escape from, the bottle episode is an excellent way to apply pressure on your characters and calcify running themes. It’s also a great way to build drama, tension and conflict that will drive the rest of your series’ plot forward.

Work, in physics, is the energy transferred when a force exerted on an object causes it to be moved over some distance. The amount of work done by a force is calculated by multiplying the distance over which the object is moved by the force. In this equation, the force is called f and the distance is called d.

There are many things to consider when determining whether a given force does work on an object. First, the force must be in the same direction as the object moves. If the force is in the opposite direction, no work will be done. This is because the object is displaced and the force does not cause the displacement.

Another thing to consider is the angle between the force and the displacement. If the angle is 0 degrees or 90 degrees, work is done. However, if the angle is not 0 degrees or 90 degrees, then a different formula needs to be used.

In a circular motion, for example, the centripetal force exerted by the string on the ball inwards is zero work. This is because the centripetal force is perpendicular to the ball’s velocity.

If the centripetal force is parallel to the ball’s velocity, then the same force is positive and does work on the ball. In this case, the total amount of work is equal to the mass of the ball multiplied by the acceleration of the ball.

The same can be said of any other forces that have a component in the same direction as the displacement of the object, such as the centrifugal force exerted by a spring on a spinning wheel. These forces do not transfer energy to the wheel.

Some other examples include the internal force that is applied on a rope in a pulley system or the centripetal force exerted on a ball in uniform circular motion sideways. These forces do not transfer energy to the ball or to the system.

These examples also illustrate the point that if the force is not in the same direction as the object’s movement, then no work will be done. The picture below illustrates this point.

This is why the kids who are playing football in the picture on the left are doing work, while the teen who is studying for an exam isn’t. The difference in how work is defined in physics and everyday language can explain why the kids are having fun while the teen is working.

It is interesting to note that the teen in the picture on the right is not doing any work at all. This is because she isn’t moving anything, so there is no corresponding displacement to be calculated.

The unit of work is the joule (J). In a meter, one joule is equivalent to 1 N * m. This is because one J is the energy expended when a force of one newton acts on an object that is displaced a distance of one meter.

Making love is a more intimate form of sexual interaction than having sex. This is because it involves an emotional connection between the two people involved in the act. This can be a more drawn out process with intense eye contact, touching and kissing throughout.

When a woman is truly in love with her partner, she will want to make them feel as close to her as possible. When this happens, sex becomes much more meaningful and exciting.

This is why it’s so important to make sure you and your man are both fully focused on making love. Here are a few tips to help you do just that:

1. Be Seductive

One of the most effective ways to arouse a man is to be seductive in how you behave. This can include flirting with him, making jokes, and letting him know that you’re interested in him.

2. Take the Lead

When you’re leading your partner into sex, it’s important to be the leader and let them know what they can expect. It’s also important to set the mood and create a fun atmosphere.

3. Stay In Touch

If your man keeps in touch with you regularly after sex, it’s a sign that he wants to be with you. This can be through calls or texts, and it’s a great way for him to let you know that he enjoyed making love with you.

4. Calling You By Name

If a man calls you by your name while making love, it’s a sign that sex is going well and he feels comfortable doing it. This is also a great way for him to show that he’s thinking about you while making love.

5. Play Soft Romantic Music and Dress Up

When a man is making love to you, it’s important that they are both in a romantic mood. This can be done by playing soft romantic music and dressing up in a special outfit that makes you both feel good.

6. Do Eye Gazing

The art of eye gazing is one of the best things you can do when you’re making love to a guy. It’s a tantric sex practice that requires you and your partner to stare into each other’s eyes for several minutes without speaking.

7. Change Positions

If you’re feeling a little grouchy or your body is getting too hot, try switching positions to reset the tension. It’s not uncommon for guys to get stuck in one compromising position for too long, so switching it up can help both of you cool down.

8. Be Gentle and Affectionate

The best thing you can do when making love to a guy is to be sensitive and gentle with him. This will show him that you are interested in him and care about his feelings.

9. Keep Your Boundaries During Sex

The last thing you should do when you’re making love to he is break your own rules. If he’s constantly breaking your boundaries, it’s a sign that a) he doesn’t really care about you or b) he’s trying to push you beyond your limits.

Bottle is a term used to describe any container (often of glass) that has a narrow neck, commonly used for storing drinks or other liquids. It also comes from cockney rhyming slang, describing the “courage or confidence needed to do something difficult or dangerous”.

A bottle can be made by mouth-blown or machine-made methods. Mouth-blown bottles can be produced in many shapes and sizes and a range of finishes, but the most common are rectangular and cylindrical.

General Bottle Morphology pop-up page

A typical bottle has a base, a bottom plate or parison mold and the lower part of the bottle known as the heel or insweep. The body, or upper part of the bottle, is formed by a combination of the base and the upper part of the collar or lip (if present) on the finish. A ground rim/lip is a finish where the top surface of the finish has been hand ground to enhance the sealing and/or closure fit. This process very often leaves behind a very fine, sandpaper-like surface and small chips.

Gather – A glob (gob) of molten glass which is gathered on the end of a blowpipe before it is blown into a bottle (Bridgeton Evening News 1889; Jones & Sullivan 1989; White 1978). Early bottle makers often called this person a “gatherer” or “glass gatherer” since he would collect a glob of molten glass from the pot or tank of hot glass before it was expanded to form a bottle.

Heel – The lowest portion of the bottle where the body begins to curve into the base and terminates at the extreme outside edge of the base, usually referred to as the “resting point” (Firebaugh 1983). This area is not necessarily symmetrical or circular but can be rounded and incised or flattened with the use of a baffle plate on a machine-made blank or parison mold.

Decolorize – In glassmaking the addition of substances such as manganese dioxide, selenium or arsenic to the glass mix or batch to neutralize the iron and carbonaceous impurities that were naturally present in the sands used to make glass. This process was typically done in the late 19th century and is still used on some bottles.

Ground rim/lip – A finish on hand-made bottles with external screw-threads that was hand ground to enhance the seal and/or closure fit. This process often left behind a very fine, sandpaper-like textured surface and small chips to the outside and inside edge of the rim of the finish.

Generally speaking, a hand-made or mouth-blown bottle should not have a glass-tipped pontil scar. The image to the right is a sauce bottle base that has a glass-tipped pontil scar.

A bottle episode can be a great opportunity to apply pressure to your characters, calcify running themes and showcase your creativity. It is a unique and challenging setting that requires characters to be preoccupied with something other than their usual action, and it’s an ideal way to focus on the emotional movement of a character and their interactions within the setting. It’s a brilliant way to show a variety of emotions from different perspectives, and it can be a lot of fun to write.