What qualifies as work is a complex question, as there are many different types of activities that can be described as “work.” For example, sports are considered a job for professional athletes who earn their living from them, but for recreational players in community leagues they are simply hobbies. Similarly, self-care and basic habits like personal grooming are not typically considered work. But in general, work is defined by its context — sustained effort on tasks that have a clear purpose and outcome. This may include achieving goals or creating value for the organization, customers, and communities.
Work is a concept that is central to human life, and the importance of work is widely recognized across cultures. It can help boost confidence and self-esteem, provide a sense of purpose, give people structure to their days, and allow them to interact with other people. It’s also a source of income that can help people meet their needs, and even provide a means to pursue their passions.
A key aspect of work is its contribution to social connectedness, with some jobs being more likely to provide this than others. This is because jobs often offer a chance for regular interactions with colleagues and the opportunity to build relationships, which can have a positive impact on mental health. It can also help people feel productive and accomplished, giving them a reason to come to work each day. This is especially important for those who struggle with loneliness or depression, as having a meaningful job can increase feelings of belonging and improve well-being.
However, work can be inherently difficult and unrewarding, particularly if it doesn’t match an individual’s aspirations or capabilities. Those who are less competent at a job can find it stressful and unpleasant, while those who are highly skilled may be dissatisfied with the limited challenge of their role. This can result in workers pursuing new opportunities and reskilling in order to find more satisfying work.
While there are many different aspects of work, it can be broken down into two main categories: physical and psychological. Physically, work can involve a variety of activities, from manual labor to exercising, and it is typically accompanied by rest periods and the use of ergonomic tools and equipment. Psychologically, work can encompass a wide range of activities, including planning and organizing, interpersonal interaction, and problem-solving.
While there has been much discussion about the future of work, very few executives and thought leaders are asking the most fundamental question about what work should be. It seems that the only way to ensure that work will continue to deliver for employees and organizations is to re-define it, beyond just shifting people into new roles or adding technology. This requires cultivating and unlocking employees’ intrinsic motivations to seek out challenging, non-routine work that contributes meaning and value beyond just the company.